Soon after, the use of the term "mafia" began appearing in the Italian state's early reports on the phenomenon. The play had great success throughout Italy. The play is about a Palermo prison gang with traits similar to the Mafia: a boss, an initiation ritual, and talk of "umirtà" ( omertà or code of silence) and " pizzu" (a codeword for extortion money). The words mafia and mafiusi are never mentioned in the play. The public's association of the word with the criminal secret society was perhaps inspired by the 1863 play I mafiusi di la Vicaria ("The Mafiosi of the Vicaria") by Giuseppe Rizzotto and Gaspare Mosca. Most Arab smallholders became serfs on new estates, with some escaping to "the Mafia." It became a secret refuge. After the Normans destroyed the Saracen rule in Sicily in the eleventh century, Sicily became feudalistic. The word "shade" meaning refuge or derived from refuge. mafyaʾ ( مفيء), meaning "place of shade".The word mafia was then used to refer to the defenders of Palermo during the Sicilian Vespers against rule of the Capetian House of Anjou on 30 March 1282. The local peasants imitated these Arabs and as a result the tribe's name entered the popular lexicon. maʿāfir ( معافر) = the name of an Arab tribe that ruled Palermo.marfūḍ ( مرفوض) = rejected, considered to be the most plausible derivation marfūḍ developed into marpiuni (swindler) to marpiusu and finally mafiusu.mahyāṣ ( مهياص) = aggressive boasting, bragging.màha = quarry, cave especially the mafie, the caves in the region of Marsala, which acted as hiding places for persecuted Muslims and later served other types of refugees, in particular Giuseppe Garibaldi's " Redshirts" after their embarkment on Sicily in 1860 in the struggle for Italian unification.And people who pay it are "exempted" from prosecution. In Islamic law, jizya, is the yearly tax imposed on non-Muslims residing in Muslim lands. Possible Arabic roots of the word include: In reference to a woman, however, the feminine-form adjective mafiusa means 'beautiful' or 'attractive'.īecause Sicily was once an Islamic emirate from 831 to 1072, mafia may have come to Sicilian through Arabic, though the word's origins are uncertain. In reference to a man, mafiusu ( mafioso in Italian) in 19th century Sicily signified "fearless", "enterprising", and "proud", according to scholar Diego Gambetta. The word mafia ( English: / ˈ m ɑː f i ə/ Italian: ) derives from the Sicilian adjective mafiusu, which, roughly translated, means "swagger", but can also be translated as "boldness" or " bravado". When used alone and without any qualifier, "Mafia" or "the Mafia" typically refers to either the Sicilian Mafia or the Italian-American Mafia and sometimes Italian organized crime in general (e.g., Camorra, 'Ndrangheta, etc.). the Sicilian Mafia and the related Italian-American Mafia refer to their organizations as "Cosa Nostra" the "Japanese Mafia" calls itself "Ninkyō dantai" but is more commonly known as " Yakuza" by the public and "Russian Mafia" groups often call themselves " Bratva"). The term was coined by the press and is informal the criminal organizations themselves have their own names (e.g. However, the term has since expanded to encompass other organizations of similar methods and purpose, e.g., "the Russian Mafia" or "the Japanese Mafia". The term "mafia" was originally applied to the Sicilian Mafia, and, later, the Italian Mafia, or Italian organized crime in general. The 'Ndrangheta, originating in the Southern Italian region of Calabria, is widely considered the richest and most powerful mafia in the world. Mafias often engage in secondary activities such as gambling, loan sharking, drug-trafficking, prostitution, and fraud. The central activity of such an organization would be the arbitration of disputes between criminals as well as the organization and enforcement of illicit agreements between criminals through the use of or threat of violence. "Mafia" is an informal term that is used to describe criminal organizations that bear a strong similarity to the original "Mafia": the Italian Mafia. For other uses, see Mafia (disambiguation).
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